Narrative Perspective: Fast Car by Tracy Chapman

Alalysis #1-Fast Car-Tracy ChapmanPosted: first February 2011 by t3david in Narrative 0Analysis #1 Narrative Perspective difinetly Artifact: Fast Car Tracey Chapman 1988 I decided to dissect this curio from an account point of view since it the melody plainly depicts all the components of a story the setting, characters, and occasions. At long last all together for this tune to be a story there must be an ethical which I will attempt to disentangle while examining the ancient rarity. I additionally pick this ancient rarity since it talks about some nearly â€Å"taboo† subject, so I felt was applicable to pop culture.The precise area of where the occasions happen is indistinct. We can accept through the portrayal of the melody that all things considered, the occasions are occurring with a lower/white collar class family living in a little neighborhood. We can construe this as a result of the requirement for the storyteller to need to drive away from where she is on the grounds that there isn’t much open door in this unassuming community. The principle character is additionally the storyteller and she recounts to the account of what she is thinking as life cruises her by. The fundamental character likewise discusses others in her life.One specific individual is the individual she is by all accounts singing to. She frequently alludes to â€Å"you† when she discusses leaving the town. She additionally utilizes words like â€Å"we† and â€Å"us† to show that whoever she is singing to is with her and that she isn't the only one. Later on we find out about her family who go about as auxiliary characters. We come to think about her dad and the penances she has made for him despite the fact that he may not be the best dad (â€Å"I quit school†). We additionally find out about her mom who left her and her dad. The significant occasions are for the most part the battles that the principle character needed to go through.The storyte ller enlightens us concerning her family circumstance when she was more youthful; how her mom left the family, how her father went to liquor, and how she needed to pull the heaviness of her family by dropping out of school and working. She at that point discusses her life now and how it’s a comparative circumstance as in she needs to forfeit her needs so as to accommodate her own family. She discusses her accomplice sees â€Å"more of your companions then you do your kids† and how she needed to take up an occupation as checkout young lady (which was most likely something that she didn’t plan).These occasions are dynamic since activities are really being completed. All through the story, the fundamental character discusses heading out in a â€Å"fast car† which represents her need to escape from every one of her issues and appreciate the basic joys of life. This occasion has worldly relations and to be progressively explicit it has relations that are parad igmatic in light of the fact that we find out about occasions and perspectives that occurred in the past before finding out about the present condition of the primary character.For model we find out about her desire of heading out even before we catch wind of her troublesome past. I found that it was somewhat difficult to decipher. One good that is passed on all through the melody is as much as your attempt to flee( or drive away) from your issues some of the time they simply winding up tailing you, regardless of whether you feel as though you are a decent individual who doesn’t merit such issues. Anyway I found that the ramifications of the ancient rarity can go over emphatically as well.In the situation if the suggestion being sure we can possibly infer that subsequent to hearing the melody individuals who encountered a comparable circumstance before or individuals who are encountering comparative circumstances presently would have the option to associate with the tune more , and identify with the occasions and emotions that is being passed on by the storyteller. Despite the fact that the lesson of the melody might be somber, individuals may have a sense of safety that there are others in world experiencing a portion of very similar things they may be.However once more, we can likewise take a gander at the other point of view. At the point when susceptible crowds tune in to this tune, and find that the storyteller doesn’t have a glad closure it could simply cause individuals to feel increasingly sad. It’s critical to take note of that despite the fact that the material of the story is somewhat discouraging, for instance the conversation of single parenthood and liquor abuse, there is as yet a rousing quality to the tune. We can see the motivational nature of the tune in light of the fact that the principle character is continually alluding to needing to drive away and be carefree.The reference to the fundamental character needing to drive away is particularly affecting in light of the fact that it is the completion of the tune. By putting this toward the end it truly concretes the possibility of the primary character despite everything taking a stab at additional in her life; she hasn’t surrendered. As far as taking a gander at this antique and how it identifies with mainstream society overall we can make a couple of determinations. It’s right off the bat imperative to take note of that this tune turned out in 1988. Not at all like today in 1988 liquor addiction and single parenthood wasn’t pitched as much.Today, be that as it may, pictures of liquor addiction and single parenthood are turning into a typical event in all types of media. So for Tracey Chapman to remember material like that for her melody was a hazard. Something else that I discovered identified with mainstream society, and particularly her crowd, which was generally youngsters, was that Overall I find that the tune is successful in passing on its message of continually seeking after more noteworthy things. Too to appreciate the straightforward things regardless of whether times have been hard.With its smart utilization of characters, setting, and efficient occasions that advance the plot the last lesson of the melody was appropriately passed on. Sources Sellnow, Deanna D. The explanatory intensity of mainstream society: thinking about intervened messages. Los Angeles: Sage, 2010. Print â€Å"Tracy Chapman-Fast Car† Web. 1 Feb 2011 http://www. lyrics007. com/Tracy%20Chapman%20Lyrics/Fast%20Car%20Lyrics. html. â€Å"Tracy Chapman-Fast Car Video. † Web. 1 Feb 2011. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=dl6yilkU1L1. Griffen, Dr. Chris. â€Å"Narrative Alalysis,† N. P. , n. d. Web. 1 Feb 2011. http://stadd. shower. air conditioning. uk/psscg/Q-Nar-lec. htm.

E-Business and e-commerce marketplace analysis Essay

E-Business and web based business commercial center investigation - Essay Example My association can likewise profit by the enormous client base accessible over the web which will prompt wide market being reached by means of publicizing along these lines converting into expanded deals income. 2.The after are a portion of the advantages that exist for both B2B and B2C associations; there is cost decrease on buying since squander is diminished, brought exchange costs due down to normalization and computerization of agreement,inquiring,ordering,paying and accepting procedures. Different advantages are finding and leading new business, along these lines it is simple for organizations to discover colleagues that beforehand were obscure to them; and finally organizations will build their proficiency on flexibly bind because of mechanized obtainment forms. The last advantage is checking of corporate spending which empowers purchasers to get data on the examples of purchasing, subsequently letting firms to apportion, diminish and control spending. The hindrances incorporate key change; along these lines an adjustment in a business arrangement of a firm can be progressive (key) or developmental (operational) process. This implies there could be protection from change which could be because of social or mental reasons. The other obstruction is expenses and financing of setting up internet business; the expenses of actualizing online business can be such an awful boundary particularly for SMEs and they incorporate expenses related with securing equipment and programming, arranging, media communications and support

Flowers in your hair

Flowers in your hair Im flying to San Francisco for the long weekend hope you kids in Boston have fun! Theres a lot going on this weekend, including: Pulse: Waves from the Motherland Cultural Show THIS SATURDAY, February 18th @ 7:30pm Kresge Auditorium MIT FREE In celebration of Black History Month, come see a FREE show featuring the Logs, Harvards Kuumba, Capoeira dancing, MIT Gospel, MIT Dance Troupe, Steel Pan, and so much more!! Pulse: Waves From the Motherland is a demonstration of the extent to which Africa has influenced art of all kinds and, with this influence, molded culture all over the world. The show, a collaborative effort by Advocates For Awareness, the MIT African Students Association, the MIT Black Students Union, the MIT Caribbean Club, and the MIT chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers, celebrates Black history as American history and moreover global history, by showcasing Black history as an integral part of our cultures foundation today. Also, dont miss the FREE afterparty in Ashdown right after the show!!! Pulse Website: http://web.mit.edu/ejk_adjo/www Afterparty Info: http://web.mit.edu/cpr/www Tucker Max is having a book signing to promote his latest book I Hope They Serve Beer In Hell. Date: Saturday Feb 18th (THIS SATURDAY) Location: Boston Universitys Sherman Union Terrace Lounge 2nd floor Time: QA starts 5pm, book signing from 6pm to 8pm. Afterparty to follow Directions: Take the B train on the Green line to BU Central. The street address 775 Comm Ave. Website: http://www.tuckermax.com Be sure to check out the website for classic stories such as Tucker Tries Buttsex, Hilarity does not ensue and The Night We Almost Died. - You heard about it, so now come see it! Come join us at the 2006 production of The Vagina Monologues!! When: February 16th to February 18th Where: 10-250 Time: 8pm Cost: $8 MIT Students, $10 General Tickets are being sold this week in Lobby 10. Also online at http://vagina.mit.edu and to help you get in the V-Day spirit, also available at the booth Both my dorm and the Class of 2007 are sponsoring trips to see Les Miserables this weekend, complete with discounted tickets. I cant find an email about it, sorry. are: Vagina T-Shirts! Chocolate Vagina Pops Vagina Buttons

The Deterrence Theory Vs. Deterrence - 853 Words

Classic Deterrence Theory A rational person is thought to measure both the gains and losses before committing a crime and would more than likely to be deterred from violating the law they believed the loss was greater than the gain according to the deterrence theory. The deterrence theory is based on the belief that humans control their behavior based on the perceived rewards and punishments that would result from such actions. Which has led many theorists to believe that the proper to punish, a defiant act is by severe, certain, and swift punishment was the key to deterrence. The deterrence theory relies on three individual components: severity, certainty, and celerity. It is thought severe penalties, will desist from criminal acts, which thus prevent crime. However, if the sentence believed to be too harsh would be considered unjust. While, punishments not severe enough will not deter criminals from committing crimes. However, classical philosophers held the belief that certainty was more efficient in preventing crimes than the severity of punishment. The philosophers believed the primary purpose of punishment was deterrence, not vengeance. Thus, rejected capital punishment as a practical method for punishing murderers and perpetrators of other serious offenses. Crime and Punishment Deterrence theory holds the assumption that people do not commit crimes because they are afraid of getting caught, and further states that people are less likely to committing a crime ifShow MoreRelatedThe Integral Role Sentencing Plays in the Criminal Justice Process904 Words   |  4 Pagesdebt to society†. Deterrence- Deterrence is a philosophy that is concerned with preventing crimes as opposed to retribution. This philosophy sets an example for society by relaying the message that crimes and certain actions will not be tolerated. There are two forms of deterrence: General deterrence and specific deterrence. General deterrence is a basic principle that by punishing one criminal, others may be dissuaded from committing similar crimes. Specific deterrence is a principle thatRead MoreThe Deterrence Of A Crime1573 Words   |  7 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 The deterrence theory is no longer effective in deterring future or repeat criminals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 The old way of doing business as usual has become costly across the board on the local, state, and Federal levels†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Research proving deterrence no longer works†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 HowRead MoreDeterrence Does Not Work? Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, I am going to discuss what some of the ideas are when it comes thinking as to why deterrence does not work, which could be that the harsher the crime, the harsher the punishment for many of the crimes committed. It could mean that it does not work because the offender maybe becomes aware of the punishment. However, it could be because of the notion of impulsivity which connected and is almost everywhere within a society where there has been a connection to the idea of rational choicesRead MoreSocial Institutions825 Words   |  4 Pagesand knowledge a person receives in school, the environment a person grows up around helps them make the choices they make in life and develops what kind of person they become as an adult. Social Institutions relate to organized crime as being the theory we are all a product of the environment we grow up in. Most feel what we are exposed to within any kind of social group for any length of time we will start to adopt many of the ways and characteristics of that group. It seems to become our way ofRead MorePunishment vs Rehabilitation1661 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment vs. Rehabilitation Helen Olko October 1, 2012 Abstract The expectations that our society has for the criminal justice system  is to punish and rehabilitate individuals who commit crime. Punishment and rehabilitation are also two of the four acknowledged objectives of the criminal justice system, with deterrence and incapacitation being the others. In the United States, punishment has always been the primary goal to achieve when dealingRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System3724 Words   |  15 Pagesthis there are a number of theories that should be examined. This includes the following Deterrence theory, rational choice theory, and lastly the positivist theory. The deterrence theory is a very basic, but overlapping theory to all of the others. We learn that at a very early age that reward vs cost is a critical thing to weigh when making decisions. This carries over to the decision to commit a crime and not to commit a criminal act. The rational choice theory states that human beings areRead MoreThe American Justice System858 Words   |  4 Pagescaptive (Hughes Fenster, 2011, para. 14). While there are many comparisons of American Criminal Justice system vs. Asian Criminal Justice System, I will make one very relevant issue. The purpose of punishment is many, here are the efforts made within the United States ( Punishment, n.d., p. 1). †¢ Incapacitation: Someone that is locked up in jail or prison cannot commit crimes. †¢ Deterrence: The shear threat of punishment deters people from committing crimes. †¢ Restitution: The defendant is requiredRead MoreClassicalism vs. Positivism1546 Words   |  7 PagesClassicalism vs. Positivism What is crime? What makes people commit crimes and how can we stop it? These, and many other questions similar to these, are asked by criminologists everyday. Criminology is an ever growing field, mainly because there is more and more research occurring and new theories linking people and crime coming out everyday. Below the main field of criminology there are many subfields that have different theories and philosophies on what they believe link criminal behaviorRead MorePunishment Vs Classical Criminology1745 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice Theory Introduction Crime has existed in the society from time immemorial. Different cultures have dealt with it differently. While some have adopted very cruel, inhumane, and creative ways of punishment, others have chosen a relatively fair system of justice. Nevertheless, each system has had and served its purpose in fulfilling a given role in the society they are established. The classical criminology as envisioned by Bentham and Beccaria in the 1700’s and 1800’s has been theRead MoreRational Choice vs. Trait Theory Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesRational Choice Theory VS. Trait Theory Student Name Criminology : Park University Online Program In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the Rational Choice Theory(s) and the Trait Theory(s). We will start with the history of the two theories and progress toward some of the individual principles in the theories. Next step will be explaining how each theory contributes to criminal behavior. My closing paragraph will conclude

Negatives of Television and Video Games - 728 Words

With television and video games entering a whole new level of popularity in the 2000s, serious and necessary questions need to be answered regarding the negative aspects of these new technologies. The technologies have perhaps caught people in such bewilderment and dazzle that the negatives have been given a blind-eye. The positives no doubt are countless, however whether they outweigh the negatives or not is another question. Nowadays, with TV programs becoming many and TV channels and digital entertainment enterprises becoming countless, the quest for originality has become tougher, to the extent that originality has perhaps been raised in status, to become even above quality and common human ideals. When we lose human ideals, our morals and our conscience, we have lost everything, which keeps us a part of civilization. We no longer become civilized and we take limitless freedom, which is disastrous for the health of society and each individual in it. Examples of such are the many television programs, which focus on celebrities, filtering unpleasant details from their lives to make them seem close to perfection. Doing such is extremely disastrous for many people, as believing some people are perfection, meanwhile they aren’t can cause distress for viewers, as viewers can then involuntarily start to perceive themselves as less than others. Also, this has drawn many people into total obsession of these celebrities. This obsession being very dangerous as many peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects of Television and Video Games on Children544 Words   |  2 PagesAmerican children watch on average, 4 hours of television daily and play 19 hours of video games a week. Television and video games are filled with violence these days. Exposure to violence on the television, on movies, and on video games negatively effects children behavior. Children are likely to copy the violence that they see on T.V., especially if a good guy is the one using violence. If no consequences are shown for violent behavior on T.V. or in video games, children are more likely to imitate thatRead MoreEng 1011630 Words   |  7 PagesViolence in Music Videos and Music Lyrics has a negative impact on children. Music videos that expose profanity and sexuality are inappropriate and leave a negative impression on young children. Violence in music v ideos can cause health problem. Music videos that promote negative lyrics are affecting young children. Music lyrics with vulgar languages affect the development and well-being of young children. For example, the study author (Stone, 2009) found â€Å"that music with explicit referencesRead MoreHow Technology Can Benefit A Child s Cognitive Development1061 Words   |  5 PagesChildren use a lot of technology. They use technology whether they are using social media, using a learning program, or reading an electronic book. The truth is, that there are more positives than negatives when children use technology. There is fear that if children use too much technology they will not have proper development especially cognitively. This paper will show how technology can benefit a child’s cognitive development. One benefit is young children can learn how to read while using aRead MoreMedia Effects On Children And Adolescents1521 Words   |  7 Pagesin is all surrounding with media, people use the media every day and everything; such as watching television, using the computer, and talking on the phone. On the media we could learn and find out the information that we need. And we can also share our personal information on the media. Media gives us a lot of convenient in our life, but there are also some negative impacts. Media has a lot of negative impacts which it could be affected on children and adolescents. The article â€Å"Media and Risky Behaviors†Read MoreEssay about Effect of Media Violence on Children1275 Words   |  6 Pagesfive hours of television a day! Listening to music is also a time consuming pastime among children. With all of that exposure, one might pose the question, How can seeing so much violence on television and video games and hearing about violence in in music affect a childs behavior? Obviously these media have a big influence on childrens behavior: we can see it in the way they attempt to emulate their favorite rock stars by dressing in a similar style and the way children play games, imitating theirRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effect On Society1184 Words   |  5 PagesIn recent years, many scholars have begun to examine the negative effects of media violence. There is a debate on whether negative effects directly derive from media violence. Because media violence has been proven to have a negative effect on society, this essay will argue that th ere needs to be more censorship on media violence. I will first examine the influence media violence has on mass shootings. Next I will discuss a study relating to dating violence, certain movies and shows encourage datingRead MoreImpact of Technologies on Teenagers1700 Words   |  7 Pageshave a long history. Some technologies were created a few years ago, while some technologies are comparatively new. Technologies have penetrated all spheres of human activities: education, politics, trade, medicine, and this list can be prolonged. Television and phones are considered to be the primary technologies which appeared in the life of human beings. New technologies were produces in great amounts. Nonetheless, people used those technologies to simplify the process of fulfilling domestic dutiesRead MoreMedia Violence: A Negative Influence on Young People A massive amount of violence is being1300 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Violence: A Negative Influence on Young People A massive amount of violence is being displayed in the media and has become harder to avoid. Violence is everywhere. We experience it in various ways, such as rap music, television, or first person shooter video games. We hear rap music and remember the vicious lyrics. We constantly watch celebrities commit crime on television and observe people being slaughtered multiple times a day. Youth can virtually do the slaughtering of the other charactersRead MoreNegative Impact of Media Violence on Children1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthese commodities were present few people considered them necessary for living. With the introduction of television in the middle of the century , mass media availability began to increase. By the year 1955 two-thirds of all homes in America were outfitted with a television set. This figure increased to around ninety-three percent by the end of that decade. So it is not surprising that today television and mass media are a part of virtually all Americans. The r ise in media availability of all sorts hasRead MoreThe Effects Of Television And Video Game Violence On Children899 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The following paper will examine the negative effects of television and video game violence on children who watch and play these games. Speculation as to the causes of the recent mass shootings in American schools and other public places motivated me to pay more attention to violence on television and in video games and write this paper. Most of these horrible attacks on innocent people occurred by a teenager or young adult. Flipping through television channels, I started paying attention to

The End of the Road Free Essays

â€Å"Hell, And How I Got Here† by Brenda Medina and â€Å"Puzzle Pieces† by Barbara Parsons Lane are two short stories from the book Couldn’t Keep It To Myself by Wally Lamb. Medina and Lane are two women who are serving time in a maximum security prison. Brenda Lane is serving time for homicide and Barbara Parsons Lane is serving time for manslaughter. We will write a custom essay sample on The End of the Road or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brenda was involved in a gang-related killing while Barbara was convicted of killing her abusive husband. Each of these women lived their lives being subjected to abuse, yet each woman portrayed themselves differently. Brenda was determined to gain power and not feel like an outsider in her own life. She was determined to take control and she was longer going to be the â€Å"odd girl out† (148). Barbara was living life as a victim and saw only one way to end the abuse. She was victimized in a way that made her feel as if she had no way of escaping her nightmare. Brenda found ways to empower herself in order to find a place in the world as Barbara was belittled to the point where she felt she was too weak to be able to walk away . In â€Å"Hell, And How I Got Here,† Brenda went through life finding ways to gain power. Brenda felt like an outsider for much of her childhood. She spent many unhappy years at a private school, feeling that she didn’t belong. It was not until her high school years, that she finally felt liberated. It was at this time of her life when Brenda started trying to find ways to empower herself and gain the status she was dreaming of. During high school, Brenda started dating Manny, a member of a local gang, The Unidad. Brenda recalled that from the age of fourteen until she went to prison at the age of seventeen, â€Å"Manny ran through my veins† (152). Even though her mother disapproved of Manny, Brenda dated Manny, the boy with the â€Å"outlaw aura. † Going against her mother’s wishes made Brenda feel powerful. She was going to run her own life from now on. As a child, Barbara was a lost little girl, just like Brenda. Her life was full of disappointments. At the age of four, Barbara was molested by a man she trusted, her grandfather. Looking for support and comfort, Barbara was finally able to find the strength to confide in her mother about what her grandfather had done to her. Instead of comfort, Barbara was told by her mother to never mention the molestation to anyone. â€Å"Don’t you ever say a word† (218). So she didn’t. Barbara became a quiet but a very angry little girl. Barbara’s mother was later diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and later hospitalized. Barbara was left to tend to the house she still shared with her alcoholic father and her two siblings. She had no one to go to and no one to talk to. Barbara resented her mother’s illness. She said the â€Å"illness had freed her brother and sister and made me a slave† (220). Barbara was the one left after her brother and sister moved out. Many years later, Barbara’s mother committed suicide. While dealing with her mother’s death, Barbara confided in her Aunt Ruth about her grandfather molesting her at a young age. Aunt Ruth told Barbara was molested by the same man, her father. Barbara did not understand why her mother just stood and watched while Barbara walked away, hand in hand, with the man she knew all too well. Two years before her mother took her own life, Barbara got married for the second time. She married a younger man named Mark. The disease she resented earlier in life was about to resurface and, once again, make her feel trapped. During their relationship, Manny grew to become controlling and abusive towards Brenda. He began to dictate the people she was allowed to see and what she could wear. Screaming at her after he ripped the skirt off of her, Manny yelled, â€Å"No girl of mine’s gonna strut herself like a little slut! † (161) Manny also became physically and started cheating on Brenda as well. Anytime Brenda threatened to break up with Manny, he begged and cried for her to stay. Brenda always stayed and she always forgave him. She loved to hear Manny tell her how much her loved and that he only wanted him for herself. Brenda loved the feeling she had by hearing Manny beg for to stay. She felt powerful. Feeling anything but powerful, Barbara was beginning to live a life of being controlled by an abusive husband. Mark became abusive emotionally and physically towards Barbara. The things he said to her were intended to make her feel insignificant and make her feel that she had no choice but to stay. â€Å"Some days he drinks from noon until late at night. If I challenge him or question him, I’m told I’m an ‘inconvenience’—his code for: watch out† (225). Being told she was an inconvenience by her husband happened on a regular basis. Mark was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, just like her mother. He drank alcohol in order to medicate himself and began having an affair with a fifteen year old girl. Mark openly talked about it to Barbara, adding to her feelings of inadequacy. She ended up having to quit her job because of the abuse and the unpredictability of her home life. Barbara was once again feeling imprisoned, just as she did as a hild. Brenda’s relationship with Manny was everything she was looking for. She had found her place in the world. However, Brenda was still feeling left out when it came to Manny, the gang, and their secrets. Brenda had never thought about joining a gang until she talked a â€Å"sister† of the gang. Erika persuaded Brenda to join because of the feeling of â€Å"family† the Unidad gave Erika. Brenda liked the idea and also knew she would no longer feel like an outsider. Brenda longed for the feeling of belonging and knew that her being a member of the gang would bring her and Manny closer. There would no longer be secrets between them. Barbara was living the life in which she was subjected to verbal and physical abuse from her husband. She had to listen to him talk about the affair he was having, being completely humiliated by it. Barbara even contemplated suicide at one point. Barbara lived her life feeling as if there was no way out. Mark’s belittling words were etched in her mind. Those words had the power of making Barbara believe she was destined to stay. If she chose to leave, he would kill her. Barbara felt as if she did not have any options at all. She felt completely powerless. Brenda was feeling anything but powerless. Manny, being a member of a gang, had power. Brenda felt that by being his girlfriend gave her power. Despite the fact that Manny was abusive, Brenda felt empowered knowing that she had found her place in this world with Manny. She believed that without her boyfriend, she would not have a place. The one thing Brenda always wanted was to belong. She longer felt like an outsider when she was with Manny. At the beginning of their relationship, Manny told her â€Å"I’m safe with you. And you are safe here† (156). That was precisely what Brenda was looking for. She was no longer the â€Å"odd girl out† (148). She was Manny’s girl. She was a member of the Unidad. She had power. What Brenda decided to do with the power she had obtained with the joining gang would be a life changing decision. The only way Barbara had the power to remove herself from the abuse was to file for divorce. Taking the step to file was a huge and terrifying decision for Barbara to make. It was so worrisome in fact that she tried to stop the process. After Mark was served the papers, he took Barbara to a secluded cabin in the woods, making sure she was fully aware that he had brought guns along on the trip. The trip that Mark planned had one purpose: he wanted to remind Barbara that her only option was to remain a devoted wife. If she tried leaving him, he would â€Å"terminate† her. Mark made it clear many times how easy it would be for him to do. During the trip to the cabin, after Barbara asked him if he went to cabin just to target shoot, Mark replied with, â€Å"No, I came all this way to show you how easy it would be to make you disappear† (230). Barbara knew divorce was out of the question. He would kill her before he granted her one. Although the trip put a divorce out of the question, it made Barbara realize there was only one option left. In order for her to free herself and to escape the trap of an abusive marriage, she would have to kill Mark before he killed her. Brenda and Barbara were both victims of abuse. That is where the similarities end. All Brenda wanted was to become someone other than the â€Å"outsider. † She was abused by her gang member boyfriend. She used that to threaten her boyfriend of leaving him. Brenda felt powerful when would hear Manny beg for her to stay. She finally felt like she was somebody. She was no longer an outsider of the â€Å"odd girl out† (148). Barbara was abused and belittled to the point where it made her think of herself as a weakling. She felt it was impossible to free herself from her nightmare. Brenda tried to escape but she always backed down because of how her husband made her think she was weak. Feeling empowered and feeling victimized are at the opposite end of the spectrum, yet they sometimes end up meeting at the end of the same road. How to cite The End of the Road, Papers

Prentice Hall Literature Poetry Collection 7 and Dust of Snow Poem Essay Example

Prentice Hall Literature Poetry Collection 7 and Dust of Snow Poem Paper Dust of Snow- Poem Type Lyric No Thank You- Poem Type Lyric Parade- Poem Type Lyric Wind and Water and Stone- Poem Type Lyric Lyric poem a highly musical verse that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker Dust of Snow- Basic Idea to describe winter snow falling on a persons head and changing their day for the better No Thank You- Basic Idea a person being offered a kitten, but wont take it because every of the many kittens she has taken in have grown in to cats that cause her problems, but eventually gives in and takes the kitten Parade- Basic Idea Describing a circus parade in town and everything going on around it Wind and Water and Stone- Basic Idea Comparing, contrasting, and telling how wind, water, and stone effect one another. Sound Elements Repetition, Alliteration, Onomatopoeia, and Rhyme (ROAR) Repitition The use, more than once of any element of language Example of Repetition ONE day ONE night Onomatopoeia the use of words that imitate sounds Example of Onomatopoeia Boing! Alliteration repetition of initial consonant sounds Example of Alliteration Super Salad Rhyme the repetition of sound at the ends of words found at the ends of lines Example of Rhyme She talked, He walked Figurative Language Simile, Metaphor, Personification and Hyperbole (SMurPH) Simile a figure of speech that uses like or as to make a direct comparison between to unlike ideas Example of Simile Its like a lamb to the slaughter Metaphor a figure of speech in which something is described as if it were something else Example of Metaphor Its a lamb to the slaughter Personification a nonhuman subject is given human characteristics Example of Personification The bear danced around his cave Hyperbole exaggeration for the purpose of a literary effect Example of Hyperbole Im so hungry I could eat a horse!

Customer Service Legislation Essays

Customer Service Legislation Essays Customer Service Legislation Essay Customer Service Legislation Essay The goods supplied to customers and the customer service provided is influenced by certain factors in UK. The way that the products are sold: Effects on customer service of regulating the nature and standards of products: * Sale of Goods Act, 1979 the product must be sold according to the description and satisfactory quality also fit for purpose. For example at Thorpe Park they cannot advertise the tickets for a certain price and sell it at different price at the gates. * Supply of Goods and Services Act, 1982 services must be at merchantable value and at practical rates. For example if customers book for two tickets and they only have 1 ticket given. * Food Safety Act, 1990 the food must be quality and up to standards. For example at Thorpe park restaurants they cannot sell food which is decayed or has passed its sell by date. Not all of these are linked with Thorpe Park but the Food Safety Act is an important because there are restaurants in the park which supply food to customers at Thorpe Park. Price The price displays are also very important and there is a law for this too. The Prices act 1974 and 1975 is controlling the price displays. They require prices to be indicated on goods or services offered by businesses. It is illegal for Thorpe Park to mislead the customers by displaying wrong pries for entering the park and using the rides. Age restrictions Varies legislations restricts sales on products to children. These products are such as tobacco, alcohol and lottery tickets. This also does not apply to Thorpe Park. The ways that the products are advertised and promoted are also a part of legislation. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) is an authority which controls advertising in UK. Advertisements must be legal, decent, honest and truthful, prepared with responsibility of customers and society and in the line with fair competition. The ASA has the power to force a business to remove their advertisement. Thorpe Park must comply with this advertising and promotion law. They need to be honest about their park and rides to show that they care for their customers and they are reliable. There are many laws which control what information a business should provide for their customers on their products. Thorpe Park must comply with these laws. They must provide information about their rides for their customers. For example they must make sure that height restrictions are clearly written where customers can see. Not complying with legislation and implications If a business does not comply with legislation they may need to face some negative effects. The criminal law There is some legislation which is covered by criminal law and if the business breaks the laws they will be a criminal offence and the business is then forced to be: * Prosecuted * Fined * People responsible may be imprisoned Some of the main criminal laws in UK are: * Trade Descriptions Act 1968 an Act of which prevents manufacturers, retailers or service industry providers from misleading consumers as to what they are spending their money on. * Consumer Protection Act 1987 this act affect the producer of the product not the supplier and it allows the person injured to contact authorities about the damage that has been made to them. * Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994 under this act the customers are expected to be entoleted to the goods which should be satisfactory quality, fit for any particular purpose made known to the seller; and the good is as it was described. These acts also affect Thorpe Park. For example the trade descripcitions act prevents Thorpe Park to promote the attraction by misleading customers by saying that there are rides which cannot be found at the Park. The Consumer Protection Act also affects Thorpe Park because if a customer is injured on rides they have the right to complain about this. The Sale and Supply of Goods Act affects the Park by making sure that they check all rides everyday so they are sure that it does work properly and it is also a health and safety procedure also to make sure they work as a part of the quality and they will have to make sure the rides are as they have been described to the customers. Other negative effects it may have on business are that the products may be seized at the court, the business activity may be restricted, and the image of the business may be damaged. Thorpe Park must comply with legislation because it is a very big business and very popular in UK. They need to make sure that their image is not affected by anything. They need to make sure that their business is running smoothly without any implications. Safe Working Businesses have to operate in a safe environment; they must have policies to ensure the safety and security aspects. For Thorpe Park safety at work is a big issue. The business is responsible for safety of customers, visitors, personnel and security procedures. Safety of Customers Businesses must make sure that their customers are safe and secure. A business must be sure that the products they sell are safe and legislation is there to prevent businesses selling harmful products. Business which provides harmful products may pay fines or other penalties. Machinery is particularly important for safety purposes. The business must be definite that the machinery is fitted and operates and there are no electrical faults. Thorpe Park has various rides and they are responsible for safety of customers by making sure that the rides are functioning properly. They do this by testing the rides on daily basis. Thorpe Park is also responsible of making sure that the staffs are trained so in an emergency they are there to provide help and make sure the customers are secured when on the rides. Safety of Customers and Visitors A business is liable for safety of its customers and visitors. If there is a visitor at the premises they need to be sure that the visitor is safe. Staff also needs to be trained for emergency purposes. Thorpe Park is liable to make sure that their staff is trained. They train their staff for facts such as first aid, evacuation procedures, using the rides and other safety points. Safety of Personnel It is imperative that the staff at a business is safe. If a staff is injured at work they have the right to: * Take time off * Covered by other workers during their absence * Become less motivated * Return and become less productive * Lave altogether * Sue the business and claim compensation The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is the legislation which protects the employees. For a business like Thorpe Park they have a major liability for the safety of their personnel. They must make sure that the working environment is safe and employees are not injured.

Johns Keys to Success Idiomatic Story

John's Keys to Success Idiomatic Story Here is a story about an accomplished businessman and happily gave advice to young people whom he mentored. Youll find idiom definitions and a short quiz on some of the expressions at the end of the story.  Try reading the story one time to understand the gist without using the idiom definitions. On your second reading, use the definitions to help you understand the text while learning new idioms. Johns Keys to Success John is an incredibly accomplished and successful businessman. As such, he is quite popular as a mentor. He enjoys showing young professionals the ropes. The first thing he says is that his career has certainly not always been smooth sailing. In fact, he learned a number of lessons along the way. First and foremost, John said, dont believe that success is ever mana from heaven. He said that everyone he had met had a similar rags to riches story, and that a lot of hard work had gone into the success. John believes in hard work, but also in recognizing the right opportunities. Its absolutely essential to never spread yourself too thin John advised. If you have too many irons in the fire, youll certainly miss out on real opportunity he continued. Ive seen people as busy as a bee who never really seem to do anything he pointed out. The more I thought about this advice, the more I understood what he was saying. If you put on your thinking cap, youll realize that its impossible to really concentrate if you have to worry about fifty different things. Another important lesson was that its important to know which side your bread is buttered on and make sure to give that activity your full attention. In other words, you need to ride the gravy train. Dont start looking for new challenges if everything is working out for the best! John stressed that the most important ability of any successful entrepreneur was to have the presence of mind to not only take advantage of an opportunity but also to keep your eye on the ball. Some people are quick on the uptake, but then they get bored. Its important to be consistent, but not spread yourself too thin. Finally, make sure to never show your hand to your opponents. In any case, thats how to be successful according to John. Idioms Used in the Story smooth sailing an easy life with no problemsknow which side ones bread is buttered on to understand what is most important for oneselfride the gravy train to make money by doing something that is already proven to be successfulkeep ones eye on the ball to concentrate and continue doing wellmana from heaven surprise richesfrom rags to riches from poor to richshow someone the ropes to explain and show by example how something is done properlyas busy as a bee very busy (also busy as a beaver)work out for the best to end with the best possible resultquick on the uptake to understand very quicklyhave the presence of mind to do something to be aware and able to grasp an opportunityshow ones hand to show others what advantages you have in a situationput on ones thinking cap to concentratespread oneself too thin to do too many thingshave too many irons in the fire to do too many things Idioms Quiz My friend is as ________________ these days. He never gets time to relax.Weve been lucky in life. Its been _____________ since the very beginning.  Im sure the situation will improve. It will _________________.You need to ____________________ for this problem. It requires a lot of concentration.Alan ___________________ during the negotiations for the business deal.Franklin went from ________________ in his life. He started with nothing and ended up a very rich person.Some artists are lucky and have a huge hit early in life. Then they ______________________ for many years afterwards.My boss _________ me ______________ at work because it was my first week. Quiz Answers busy as a beesmooth sailingwork out for the bestput on your thinking capshowed his handrags to richesride the gravy trainshowed me the ropes More Idioms and Expressions in Context Stories Learn more expressions using stories with one or more of these further  idioms in context stories with quizzes. Its important to learn and use idioms in context. Of course, idioms are not always easy to understand. There are  idiom and expression resources  that can help with definitions, but reading them in short stories can also provide context that make them come more alive.

The social responsibility of engineers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The social responsibility of engineers - Essay Example Can a business really have responsibilities? It is only people who can be said to be either responsible or irresponsible. If a corporation is viewed as an artificial person, then it follows that its responsibilities are also artificial. Therefore we conclude that businessmen are the ones who should be responsible. Therefore when saying that businesses should have a social responsibility, implies that the corporate executives running these businesses are the ones to take up responsibility. Even if a corporate executive is an employee of the business owners, he still has direct responsibilities of running the business (Friedman). A businessman is said to be socially responsible if he/she were to act in a way that does not necessarily interest his/her employers. For example, a corporate executive may refrain to increase the price of certain products out of concern that doing this might lead to inflation. Such action could be contrary to the best interests of the corporation. The corporate executive could hire less qualified personnel in order to contribute to poverty reduction. In each of the mentioned cases, the business man would be spending either the employer’s or the customers’ money for a general social interest. His actions would therefore be evidence of social responsibility. If a businessman were to spend the stockholders’ or the customers’ money in a different way from that of his customers, he would be in effect imposing taxes on them. This process may lead to political questions since it is the work of the government to impose taxes and plan expenditures (Friedman). Social responsibility has its consequences. Let us take inflation for example, what if a businessman was told that he has to contribute in fighting inflation, what actions would he take? Lowering the price of the products could lead to a great financial loss. Reducing the rate of production would lead to shortages and if were to reduce the employees’ wages, these would

Marketing Strategy Group Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Strategy Group Project - Assignment Example At this juncture, appropriate hypothesis statements have been structured and the specifications of the most suitable research methodology identified. This section deals with tools and techniques of collecting information. In addition, data organization will be carried out in this section. The questionnaires used in this part aims at measuring the probability that the subject market will respond positively to the business move intended by the company. To measure this construct, it would be appropriate to apply questionnaires that solicit varied opinions from the respondents. Single item scales force respondents into making subjective responses due to lack of choices (Nigel, 2007). Therefore, multi item scales like Likert and constant sum scale will serve the purpose of providing varied responses from the interviewees. Questionnaires of varied types used below all aims at providing information on the level of preference held by the students at Nova campuses. Questionnaire 1 Have you ev er consumed Dunkin Donuts in your life? {yes}{no} (Forced) 2 Would you like Dunkin Donuts Company to establish a food kiosk at your campus? {yes}{no} (Forced) 3 How many times go you buy Dunkin Donuts in a week? {1-2 times}{3-4 times}{4-6 times}{Daily} (Non Forced) 4 At what time of the day would you like to consume the company’s donuts? {Morning}{Afternoon}{Evening} (Closed Ended) 5 Give your opinion concerning the hygienic quality of Dunkin’s donuts? (Open Ended) 6 Dunkin Donuts are delicious and sweet {Strongly Agree}{Agree}{Neutral}{Disagree}{Strongly Disagree} (Likert) 7 Most students would appreciate presence of Dunkin Donuts in the campus {Strongly Agree} {Agree}{Neutral}{Disagree}{Strongly Disagree} (Likert) 8 How would you rate the company’s food provision services? {Very Good}{Good}{Fair}{Poor}{Very Poor} (Likert) 9 Give your opinion concerning the company’s donut prices. Expensive †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Inexpensive (Semantic Differential) 10 Describe the company’s point of sale services. Fast †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Slow (Semantic Differential) 11 Describe the company’s product specifications and characteristics Donut Taste, 30 Donut Quality, 20 Donut shape, 25 Donut colour, 25. Total Points= 100. (Constant Sum Scale) b) Administering Questionnaires In every research process, the success of a research exercises depends on the method used to administer data collection exercise. In a survey exercise, a researcher should choose an appropriate venue and context for administering questionnaires. In this context of Dunkin Donuts, the most appropriate method of administering questionnaires to the students would be in a social gathering, especially during means (Bruce & David, 2011). The researcher would present the students with there questions before or during meal breaks. Administra tion of questionnaires in a leisure and meal breaks allow a researcher to collect objective responses from the respondents. In addition, a researcher should present questionnaires in a relevant environment as this will increase the chances of obtaining honest opinions from the respondents. On the contrary, administration of questionnaires in an informal setting like during meal breaks may present some disadvantages that might affect reliability of the obtained results. Questionnaires require a substantial amount of time to fill and

Iconoclasm And Iconophilia In Islam Religion Essay

Iconoclasm And Iconophilia In Islam Religion Essay Introduction: The purpose of this short essay is to examine Iconoclasm and Iconophilia within the Islamic context. First, the two terms will be defined, elucidating their meaning by also drawing upon other linking terminologies. Second, references from traditional sources, Quran and Sunnah (Hadith) will be discussed to highlight the debates on figural representation from a theological perspective. In relation to this, the next part will briefly discuss the umbrella terms Muslim Iconoclasm or Islamic Iconoclasm and focus on the problematic aspects of such labelling. Subsequently, the last part will contextualise all the preceding arguments to understand and debate the Taliban destruction of the Buddhas of Bamyan in 21st Century. In the end pertinent conclusions will be drawn. Definitions: The point of departure for this essay will be to define the two terms Iconoclasm and Iconophilia and elucidate the duality of these concepts. Moreover, some of the terms associated and derived from these two concepts will also be highlighted. According to wordiq  [1]  , an icon derived from Greek word, ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒ Ã¢â‚¬ °ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½, eikon which means an image. It is defined as an artistic visual representation or symbol of anything considered holy and divine, such as God, saints or deities. A painting, sculpture as well as a mosaic classifies as an icon. The same source  [2]  defines the word iconoclasm, as literally destructing religious icons sacred monuments and images, for religious or political motives. This is primarily an action done by a person who attacks, breaks and destroys sacred monuments and religious images. Such people are called iconoclasts. This term also refers to a person who has a hatred for established religious institutions and dogmas and images for religious veneration. gods-bull-breaking.gif An Image of an Iconoclastic man with a hammer, breaking a bull icon into pieces. Courtesy of: Word Info image  © Copyright, 2006. As per contra, those individuals who venerate or revere any religious images are called iconodules. In addition, this is linked to the second term in discussion, Iconophilia. An iconophile, is understood as a connotation of images, pictures, engravings, illustrations on books or manuscripts. A person who has a fondness of such images and objects and one who loves these icons, illustrations and pictures is defined as an iconophilist or an iconophil. Moreover, someone who produces such images and pictorial icons is referred to as an Iconoplast  [3]  . With an understanding of the key terms in question, the next part of this essay will discuss the act of destroying cultural and religious icons for obtaining abstraction and conversely by contra the act of making figural representation in light of Islamic tradition. The following part of the essay will first shed light on references from traditional sources that have been used for supporting prohibition of figural representation in Islam. Instruction for Image prohibition in light of Quran and Sunnah (Hadith) In Quran: In the Quran, although there is no specific mention of figural representation/ painting, there are verses which indicate prohibition of idolatry, such as in the following verse, chapter 5, verse 90: O ye who believe! Intoxicants and gambling, (dedication of) stones, and (divination by) arrows, are an abomination, of Satans handwork: eschew such abomination), that ye may prosper.  [4]   Another Surah from the Quran, chapter 21, verses 53-55 states: When he said to his father and to his people, What are these images to which ye pay devotion? Said they,We found our fathers serving them. Said he, Both you and your fathers have been in obvious error. This verse can be interpreted in various ways. One possible interpretation is that it forbids false idols, or another interpretation could be that it indicates that any form of imagery of God or his divine nature is condemned and prohibited. Therefore, this verse has had many interpretations done by theologians, who have used it to ban the act of drawing, painting as well as sculpting figures  [5]  . One may argue that this verse prohibits idolatry as supposed to figural representation. It is commonly argued that the Quran, as compared to the Hadith traditions, is not specific on the subject of figural depiction, however it nonetheless condemns idolatry and uses the Arabic term musawwir (maker of forms, or artist) as an epithet for God (Figural Representatiom of Islamic Art, 2000), due to this sentiment, paintings with figures are made abstract and stylized, moreover, partially as a result of this religious sentiment, many incidents of destruction of figurative art took place (Ibid., 2000). Therefore, in the hadith (the recorded sayings) of the Prophet Muhammad, there are much clearer references to the prohibition of figural representation and painting. It is these hadith which are utilized by the theologians to support and elaborate on the meaning and intent of the above Quranic verse, and, it is from them that many Muslims derive legitimacy for their arguments against figural representation. According to one of the related hadiths to this matter, Aisha, the wife of the Prophet reported that on seeing a curtain embellished with pictures of animals, the Prophet was enraged and tore the cloth to pieces, declaring, The makers of these pictures will be punished on the Day of Resurrection, and it will be said to them, Give life to what you have created. The Prophet added, The Angels of (Mercy) do not enter a house in which there are pictures (of animals). Bukhari, Volume 7, Book 62:110.  [6]  Another source presents additional response by Prophet on the same incident saying Such people as paint these pictures will receive the severest punishment on the Day of Resurrection.  [7]  On another occasion Muhammad is supposed to have said, Verily the most grievously tormented people on the Day of Resurrection would be the painters of pictures.  [8]   As for Iconoclastic activities in early Islamic tradition, there are early accounts of the prophet Muhammads iconoclastic activities, for instance in the ninth-century Book of Idols which narrates that When on the day he conquered Mecca, the Apostle of God appeared before the Kabah, he found the idols arrayed around it. There upon he started to pierce their eyes with the point of his arrow, saying, Truth is come and false-hood is vanished. Verily, falsehood is a thing that vanish-eth (Quran 17:81 as narrated in Faris, 1952, p. 27). It was after having said this, that he ordered for the idols to be knocked down and burnt (Ibid.). According to another source, the same incident is narrated: As told by Ibn Abbas: When the Prophet saw pictures in the Kaba, he did not enter it till he ordered them to be erased. When he saw (the pictures of) Ibrahim and Ismail carrying the arrows of divination, he said, May God curse them (i.e. the Quraysh)! By God, neither Ibrahim nor Ismail practiced divination by arrows. (Bukhari, Volume 4, Book 55:571, as quoted in Kheilen on Iconoclasm).  [9]  These hadith are however subject to various interpretations. It can be argued that this tradition prohibits figural representations in scared spaces, not just Kaaba but also in mosques as well, or it may be suggested that Prophet prohibited the specific cult or set of beliefs that these idols presented, that is divination; a pre Islamic custom on Mecca.(Ibid.  [10]  ) http://lexicorient.com/e.o/x/t.gif According to one Hadith, the Prophet is also reported to declare that Angels do not enter the house in which there are portrayals or pictures.  [11]  . Per contra, one of the oldest chronicles, that of Al-Azraqi, narrates that when the Prophet returned to Mecca victoriously, he found the Kaaba covered with fresco paintings and he ordered that they be effaced but made an exception for one the them, executed on a pillar, which represented Mary and Jesus. (Besancon, 2000, P. 78-79). The ambivalence to figuration in textual tradition is argued by many scholars. This is also reiterated in Rubin (1986, p. 97) and Van Reenen, (1990, p. 40) who reiterate the above tradition by arguing that after the conquest of Mecca the prophet ordered the destruction of the paintings of prophets, angels, as well as trees that had decorated the interior of the Kaaba, whilst sparing an image of Jesus and Mary. Rubin (1986) further argues that although there is a general consensus in Hadith of forbidding representations, some interpretations by traditional schools of thought also go so far as to liken artists to polytheists but these proscriptions may have been a used to promote aniconism (the eschewal of figural imagery) along with iconoclasm (the destruction or mutilation of existing figural imagery). However, he states that despite their efforts Islamic art varies to a great extent across different time and places (Ibid., p. 129-131). Albeit contested and varying in form and interpretation, generally the removal of Meccan Idols in Kaaba upon conquest is deemed very symbolic by Muslims and this event holds great historical importance. It is due to this that generally Muslim societies refrain from figural representations in sacred spaces such as Mosques and Prayer halls. However, this opposition to depiction of living things and figural representation is not based on Quranic references but rather on various traditions present within the Hadith (Flood, 2002, p. 643-44). Muslim Iconoclasm In light of these traditional sources and their interpretation, the next part of the essay will briefly elucidate the concept of Islamic Iconoclasm or Muslim Iconoclasm in light of Muslim history. Among Muslims, it is clear and lucid to refrain from producing figures and life-like images of God, his Prophet, figures who are eminent in Islam as well as all living things. Several Classical traditions and religious sources are interpreted in light of prohibition of figural representation and from time immemorial; these sources are interpreted and used for various religious, as well as political Islamic doctrines. The disdain for figural representation, religious icons and images is often linked to idolatry. In popular literature this is referred to as Islamic Iconoclam and or Muslim Iconoclasm. Note that these terms will be used interchangeably throughout the essay. As noted above, one of the earliest Muslim Iconoclasm was in 630 upon the conquest of Mecca when the deities in Kaaba were destroyed; this holds true despite the presence of what may be an apologetic tradition, that Mohammad spared the statues of Mary and Jesus. This incident is also widely linked to the end of the Jahalliyah period in Mecca, and consequent end to idolatry in Arabia. As for the concept of Islamic Iconoclasm, it is contested and argued by many scholars. According to Besancon (2000), Muslim iconoclasm is a result of the absence of a Covenant that is why the Koran does not take the trouble to positively prohibit the image. He argues that for Muslims the notion of God is transcendent and beyond human comprehension, it is thus discouraging to any figural and imagery associations (P. 81). Grabar (1975) describes the distinction between Byzantine and Islamic iconoclasm by suggesting that in case of Byzantine, Iconoclasm is usually spelled with a capital I and In Islamic iconoclasm it is spelled with a small i. He argues that such secondary typographical distinction demonstrate differences between a historical moments which are then capitalised later or they refer to an attitude or mode of behaviour, to the affect that he claims that for Islamic iconoclasm it is apparently too common to deserve capitalization'(Ibid., p. 45). Such a statement about Islamic iconoclastic acts are devoid of any historical context as it disregards the ample evidence of a tradition of figural representation throughout Muslim art history, and it is this lack of recognition that western authors tend to perceive and associate a long, culturally determined, and unchanging tradition of violent iconoclastic acts within Islamic tradition and Muslim history. (Flood, 2002, p. 641) However, this is not to overlook that in various Muslim denominations there is a continuation of iconoclastic agendas, along with much recent on-going controversy regarding the destruction of Meccan historic buildings(not images) by the Wahhabist authorities who claim that they fear that these buildings were or would become the subject of polytheism and idolatry. (Howden, 2005) According to Kjeilen, this opposition to figural representation and its influence on Muslim iconoclasm have been used many times in Islamic history in order to destroy the representation of gods, divine figures or semi-divine figures of other religions, and the destruction of statues of Buddhas by the Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001 is the modern day example of this. The destruction of the Buddha-statues in Afghanistan in 2001 The following part of the essay will incorporate the proceeding arguments and analyze the Taliban destruction of Buddha at Bamiyan in 2001, so as to examine iconoclastic events in modern day Islamic state and develop a context to debate the preceding arguments. Dupree (2002) describes the saga of the Bamiyan Buddha destruction at Bamiyan as an aftermath of the debate at Supreme court and amongst its Council of Ministers who ordered Mullah Omar, to carry out investigation with the department of religious police (The Ministry for the Prevention of Vice and the Promotion of Virtue) regarding the appropriateness of the National Museums holdings in Afghanistan. It was following these orders that incorporation of Shariah Law was done in order to carry out, what may be suggested here, a political exploitation. The following events then unfolded leading to the total destruction; as narrated by Dupree (2002) specific orders were given to destroy any offending objects in the museum. A couple of weeks later, on the 26th of February, Mullah Omar gave an edict that mandated the destruction of all non-Islamic objects and subsequently on March 8 and 9th, the Bamiyan Buddhas were dynamited (Dupree, 2002, p. 986) taliban-2.jpg Bamiyan Buddha Statue before and after destruction by the Taliban. Image Courtesy of Fortunecity  [12]   Biggs (2003) claims that this destruction of the Bamiyan Buddhas in 2001 is a reminder that monotheism has its roots in the persecution of idolaters, and that the cultural expression of this violence was and remains acts of iconoclasm, however, his argument clearly falls into the frame of what Flood (2002) suggests as an ahistorical paradigm. Floods response to such interpretations is that they overlook the coexistence between the Muslim population and the Buddhas for over a millennium prior to the destruction by Taliban (King, 1985, as quoted in Flood, 2002, p. 654) Bamian1.jpg A general view of the alcoves where the Buddha statues stood before the destruction, Image Courtesy of Embassy of Afghanistan  [13]   According to Floods thesis, many of Talibans own declarations in regards to Buddhas indicate that their destruction was a result of a political motive as supposed to theological, because since the statues were already faceless above chin level, then they would be meaningless in context of Islamic medieval iconoclasm (Flood, 2002, p. 651-655). In addition to this Meskell (2002, p. 562) argue that the causal factors of this cultural heritage destruction is varying. He suggests that it could be due to the Taliban clerics opposition to the pre-Islamic figures that were displayed in the Kabul museum or it may have been due to a visit by Italian Buddhists, the interest of UNESCO in preserving the statues paired with foreign delegation wanting to offer money to preserve these ancient work when millions of Afghan died of starvation (p. 563). Others sources cite various factors such as military operations, internal politics and international relationships (Gamboni 2001). buddha_image.jpg Faceless Buddha statues, prior to Taliban destruction. Image courtesy of: www.deeshaa.org Conclusion : While a full discussion of this topic, incorporating a comprehensive argument on the theological sources, the contested debate on what qualifies as Islamic or Muslim Iconoclasm and the sectarian disputes between factions of different groups of Muslims lies beyond the scope of this short essay. It has nonetheless highlighted that opposition to figural representation is not based on the Quran, but rather on various traditions that are found within Hadith and that these interpretations are subject to interpretation and being utilised for reasons other than theological. The arguments in this essay resonate with Floods (2002) understanding that the destruction of Budhaa was more political and a result of a power autonomy monopoly rather than theologian factor, and that it may have amounted to provoked affirmation of sovereignty by the Talibans, not just upon their territory and the people there but also upon the values that they upheld. This essay intended to use the destruction of Buddha s as an example, to highlight the political aspects of Iconoclastic moments and elucidate that what is largely conceived as a theological impulse is not a timeless response to prohibition of figuration but that it may have been a cultural, social and political discourse of image representation at a particular moment in history.

Black Orpheus

Composition and literature December, 1, 2010 Film: â€Å"Black Orpheus â€Å" Marcel Camus The film black Orpheus portrayed some of the essential elements of the ancient myth very well and in a peculiar matter. Whiles watching the movie certain parts of the myth were very different and not depicted well. There were three parts of the movie in which really caught my eye in which had deviated from the myth. They were Orpheus and Eurydice initial relationship, the role of death and Hades. These three factors deviated slightly than the original Greek myth.In the original myth Orpheus and Eurydice were originally together and everyone was happy for their love. Their relationship was blossoming and all was good till a snake bite Eurydice and she dies. In the film† black Orpheus† on the other hand Orpheus and Eurydice are strangers and Orpheus is engaged to Mira. There are a lot of struggles before they are finally able to get together. In the myth everyone is happy for their love in the movie though they spend so much time trying to hide from Mira. In the ancient myth death was represented through the snake, which just bit Eurydice. n the movie death was a reoccurring figure in which continually kept searching for Eurydice. Death in the movie even was able to warn Mira not to harm Eurydice claiming she was his property . In the movie death was given too much power compared to the ancient myth. in the movie death continually haunted Eurydice eventually causing her own death. In the myth she was not haunted by death she just got bitten by the snake and died. In the film death was given too much power. The third and final thing that wasn’t well depicted in the movie was the role of Hades.In the original myth Orpheus goes down to the underworld with Hades and through music convinces the whole under world to allow him take Eurydice back to the world of the living. In the film Hades is represented as a mere janitor. Orpheus never tries convincing the j anitor though music. The janitor feels pity on him and leads him to the Macomb ritual. In the myth Hades is the only person who has the main say on whether Eurydice can leave the underworld and it takes much convincing though great music from Orpheus .In the film Hades level of respect and honor has been reduced to a mere janitor who doesn’t provide Orpheus with the answer but actually leads him to those who can help . The relationship between Orpheus and Eurydice, the role of death and Hades were all poorly depicted in this movie. It was a great attempt but one watching the film without knowing the myth might be confused about the original myth. The film could have made better attempts at making these three things more like the ancient myth. The film attempted to capture the significance of the myth but failed in actually conveying that to its viewers.

The Jacksonian Era Essay - 688 Words

DBQ The Jacksonian Era is often described as a time when the United States experienced the â€Å"democratization of politics.† Is this accurate? How was democracy defined in this era? In a democracy each and every citizen of the state is supposed to have an equal say in the government. Today everyone has the opportunity to vote and has equal rights with no restrictions to American citizens. On the other hand back in the Jacksonian Era this was different. Before his time this wasn’t necessarily the case though and during Jackson’s era many improvements were made while many improvements that should’ve been made weren’t. During the Jacksonian Era the democratization of politics, which was seen as the equality and justice toward white males,†¦show more content†¦Despite such improvements towards the contemporary ideal democracy many setbacks occurred in achieving aspects of a true real democracy. As displayed in the graph in Document 2 the expansio n of the states was progressively growing while the racial exclusion progressively increased as well. The rate of the racial exclusion grew more rapid than that of the state expansion indicating the growing racial sentiments. These racial sentiments were what increasingly prevented minority races to vote and be involved in the government, which reflected the goal at the time of white universal male suffrage. Although this goal goes against today’s common democratic ideal of universal suffrage, which was not held at the time of Jackson. Andrew Jackson also attempts to Americanize the Native Americans to supply the Indians an option for staying on their land. Jackson forces them to comply with his demands and if the Indians refuse they will be forced west. 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